Functional Morphology of the Arm Spine Joint and Adjacent Structures of the Brittlestar Ophiocomina nigra (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

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Functional Morphology of the Arm Spine Joint and Adjacent Structures of the Brittlestar Ophiocomina nigra (Echinodermata: Ophiuroidea)

The skeletal morphology of the arm spine joint of the brittlestar Ophiocomina nigra was examined by scanning electron microscopy and the associated epidermis, connective tissue structures, juxtaligamental system and muscle by optical and transmission electron microscopy. The behaviour of spines in living animals was observed and two experiments were conducted to establish if the spine ligament ...

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ژورنال

عنوان ژورنال: PLOS ONE

سال: 2016

ISSN: 1932-6203

DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167533